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The Ultimate Plumbing Glossary - Complete Plumbing Term Guide
If you are a homeowner, or even a professional plumber, understanding the terminology of plumbing is key to successful repairs and maintenance. Learning all the common plumbing terms can be difficult and time-consuming, but luckily MyDearWatson’s Plumbing Heating and Cooling Comprehensive Glossary has everything you need! Our glossary is full of useful terms and definitions from experts in the industry. With our easy-to-use glossary, you can quickly find all the essential information you need to understand the ins and outs of plumbing. Whether you’re looking for a specific definition or trying to learn all the basics, our glossary is an invaluable resource. So if you’re looking to become a plumbing expert, don’t hesitate to take advantage of MyDearWatson’s Plumbing Comprehensive Glossary!
I Introduction
Plumbing is an important part of any home or building. Knowing the terminology used by plumbing professionals is essential to understanding how your system works, as well as diagnosing and troubleshooting any problems. In this article we’ll go over some common plumbing terms you should know.
A- What is a Plumbing Glossary?
A plumbing glossary is a comprehensive list of terms and definitions related to the plumbing industry. It includes technical terms and definitions for various components, materials, and systems used in plumbing, such as pipes, fittings, valves, and fixtures. The purpose of a plumbing glossary is to provide a clear and concise understanding of the terminology used in the industry, helping professionals and laypersons alike to better understand the intricacies of plumbing systems.
B- Why is it important for a new homeowner to understand common plumbing terms
As a homeowner, it is important to understand common plumbing terms. For example, a “drain pipe” is used in water supply systems to carry wastewater away from your home. It usually has two sections of pipe that allow air to enter and controls the flow of water. The “amount of water” in the tank is also referred to as the water level. A “sewer line” is used in a sewage system to move waste away from your home and into a treatment plant. Sewer gas can build up if the sewer line gets blocked or disconnected. Lastly, a “waste line” is often connected to your home’s plumbing system and it helps to control how much water is used in the bathroom and kitchen. Understanding these common plumbing terms will help you better maintain your home’s plumbing system, so you can ensure that you have safe access to clean water and efficient disposal of wastewater.
II. Common Plumbing Terminology
1. Boiler
A Boiler is a device used to heat water for various purposes, such as space heating or hot water supply. The most common type of boiler is a fuel-fired hot water boiler, which uses natural gas or propane to heat the water. This type of boiler is used to provide space heating for buildings, as well as domestic hot water for showers, dishwashers, and other hot water needs. Boilers can also be used to produce steam for industrial applications such as power generation and process heating.
2- Steam boiler
A steam boiler is a closed vessel in which water is heated to produce steam under pressure. The steam produced is used for heating, power generation, or other industrial processes. The heat source for the steam can be generated by burning fuel such as coal, oil, or natural gas, or by electricity or nuclear energy. Steam boilers can be classified into fire-tube boilers and water-tube boilers based on the design of their pressure vessels. They come in various sizes and designs, from small residential boilers to large industrial boilers that supply steam to power plants.
3- Hot Water Boiler
Hot water boilers are also closed vessels that are used to heat water for heating, space heating, or for producing hot water for use in industrial processes. Unlike steam boilers, hot water boilers do not generate steam instead, they heat water to a temperature that is suitable for heating or for use in industrial processes. The heat source for hot water boilers can be generated by burning fuel such as coal, oil, natural gas, or biomass, or by electricity. Hot water boilers come in various sizes and designs, from small residential boilers to large industrial boilers that supply hot water to large buildings or industrial facilities.
4- Burner
A burner is a device in a boiler or furnace that is responsible for burning fuel to generate heat. The fuel can be a fossil fuel such as coal, oil, or natural gas, or a renewable fuel such as wood or biomass. The burner mixes the fuel and air in the proper proportions to produce a flame that is hot enough to heat the water or air in the boiler or furnace. The flame is typically controlled by a combustion control system that regulates the flow of fuel and air to maintain the desired temperature. The design and operation of burners can vary depending on the type of fuel being burned, the type of boiler or furnace, and the heating requirements of the application.
5- Boiler Drum
A boiler drum is a cylindrical pressure vessel in a steam boiler that serves as a separator for steam and water. Its main function is to store and control the level of water in the boiler and to ensure that the right amount of water is available for steam generation. The boiler drum is typically located at the top of the boiler and is connected to the lower header, which contains the downcomers and the risers that feed water to the steam-generating tubes. In water-tube boilers, the drum acts as a collection point for steam and water, separating the steam from the water before it is sent to the superheater and the turbine. In some boilers, the drum also contains internal components such as economizers and feedwater heaters, which improve the efficiency of the boiler.
6- Heat Exchanger
A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat from one fluid to another, without allowing the two fluids to mix. It is commonly used in heating and cooling systems, such as boilers and air conditioners, to transfer heat from one medium to another. For example, in a steam boiler, a heat exchanger can transfer heat from the hot flue gases to the water in the boiler, raising its temperature to generate steam. In an air conditioning system, a heat exchanger can transfer heat from the refrigerant to the air, cooling the air. Heat exchangers can be of various types, including shell and tube, plate, and finned tube. The type of heat exchanger chosen for a specific application depends on factors such as the temperature, pressure, and flow rate of the fluids, as well as the desired heat transfer rate and efficiency.
7. Cast Iron Pipe
Cast Iron Is a type of metal commonly used for drain pipes and other plumbing fixtures. The metal is durable, strong, and resistant to corrosion. It is often chosen for pipes because it can handle extreme temperatures, high pressures, and a variety of chemicals found in water. Cast iron can also withstand wear and tear more effectively than many other types of pipe material.
8- Copper Pipe
A copper pipe is a type of piping commonly used in plumbing systems for hot and cold water distribution. Copper pipes are made from copper alloys, which are a combination of copper and other metals. Copper pipes are durable, long-lasting, and resistant to corrosion, making them a popular choice for plumbing systems. Copper pipes can be used in residential, commercial, or industrial applications.
9- Galvanized Steel Pipe
Galvanized steel pipe is a type of steel-coated pipe with zinc to improve resistance to corrosion, commonly used for piping in older plumbing systems. Galvanized steel pipe is made by coating the surface of a steel pipe with a layer of zinc. This process, known as galvanization, helps to protect the pipe from rust and corrosion and makes it more durable. Galvanized pipes are commonly used for water supply lines, irrigation systems, and sewage systems in both residential and commercial buildings. They are also used in industrial applications such as oil and gas pipelines, heating and cooling systems, ventilation ducts, and other applications that require protection against corrosion.
10- PVC Pipe
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe is a type of plastic piping commonly used for water supply and drainage systems in plumbing. PVC is a thermoplastic material that is strong, durable, and resistant to chemicals, water, and corrosion. It can be easily cut and connected using various connectors, glues, and fittings with minimal skill required. PVC pipe is lightweight, easy to install, and cost-effective compared to other types of piping. It also has excellent noise reduction properties, making it ideal for use in soundproofing applications. Additionally, PVC pipe is resistant to extreme temperature fluctuations and does not corrode or rust like metal piping.
11- Branch Line
A branch line is a pipe that branches off the main line to supply water to a specific fixture. Branch lines can be used to supply water to individual fixtures, such as toilets, sinks, and showers, or they can be used to supply water to a whole house. The main line is connected to the city’s main water supply, while the branch lines are connected directly to the main line. Branch lines typically consist of flexible pipes that are easy to install and maintain.
12- Drain
A drain is a pipe or system of pipes used to carry wastewater and other substances from a building or structure.
The purpose of a drain is to remove unwanted water and other materials from a building or structure, such as rainwater, sewage, and surface runoff. Drains may be located inside the building, outside the building connected to a sewer line or an independent septic system, or even in natural waterways. Drains can come in many different sizes and shapes depending on their purpose.
13- ABS Pipe
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) pipe is a type of plastic piping used in plumbing and drainage systems. ABS pipes are known for their toughness, durability, and lightweight properties, making them an ideal choice for various applications. ABS pipes are available in a range of sizes and are used for both above-ground and underground installations. They are commonly used for drain, waste, and vent (DWV) systems, as well as for carrying cold water. ABS pipes are also resistant to a wide range of chemicals and are easy to install and connect to other plumbing components.
14- DWV Pipe
DWV is a type of piping used in plumbing systems to carry wastewater and other waste materials to the sewer or septic system. DWV stands for Drain, Waste, and Vent. It is a type of piping used to connect plumbing fixtures in a building or home to the main sewer line or septic tank. The pipe is designed to be airtight and watertight so that wastewater flows freely down the pipe without leaking out into the environment. DWV pipes are commonly made of PVC, ABS, or cast iron and come in various sizes depending on the application.
15- PEX Pipe
PEX is short for Cross-Linked Polyethylene and is an alternative to copper, PVC, and CPVC pipes for home plumbing. PEX is a flexible plastic tubing that has been used for plumbing since the 1980s. It is made of cross-linked polyethylene, which makes it more resistant to cracking and splitting than traditional PVC pipes. It is easier to install than copper or PVC piping, is often less expensive, and can handle higher temperatures and pressures than other types of pipe. PEX is also corrosion-resistant and can withstand extreme temperatures and freezing conditions.
16- CPVC Pipe
CPVC (a vinyl chloride with chlorine added) is a tough and inflexible heat-resistant plastic material that is used in the construction of residential dwellings for piping cold and hot water.
CPVC is an excellent material for plumbing applications because it is resistant to both hot and cold water temperatures, as well as corrosive chemicals. It also has good impact strength, making it suitable for outdoor applications. It has a much higher temperature rating than PVC and can be used for systems operating at temperatures up to 200°F (93°C). Additionally, CPVC is less expensive than other materials such as copper or stainless steel and is easy to install.
17- Pressure
Pressure is the force of water in a plumbing system, measured in pounds per square inch (psi). It is important to know the pressure of a plumbing system because it affects the flow and performance of the plumbing fixtures as well as the safety of the system. Different fixtures require different pressures, so it is important to make sure that all fixtures are operating within their recommended pressure range. If the pressure is too high, it can cause damage to pipes or fittings, and if it is too low, it can cause water flow issues.
18- Plunger
A plunger is a tool used to clear blockages in pipes and fixtures. It consists of a rubber cup, attached to a wooden or metal handle. The plunger is used by inserting the cup into the blocked pipe or fixture and pushing and pulling to create pressure that will break up the blockage. Plungers are often used to unclog toilets, sinks, bathtubs, and showers.
19- Fitting
Fitting is a component used to join two sections of piping together, such as a coupling, elbow, or tee. Fittings are used in plumbing, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. They are designed to connect pipe sections together quickly and easily, allowing for efficient installation and maintenance. Fittings come in a variety of shapes and sizes to accommodate different types of pipes and various lengths. Some common types of fittings include couplings, elbows, tees, crosses, unions, caps, plugs, reducers, wyes, adapters, valves, and flanges.
30 Years of Plumbing Experience
20- Faucet
A faucet is a device used to control the flow of water from a plumbing system, commonly found in kitchens, bathrooms, and other areas. Faucets typically consist of a handle, which is used to control the flow of water. The handle is connected to a stem and the stem is connected to the valve, which controls the flow of water into the sink or tub.
21- Hose Bib
A hose bib is a type of faucet that is threaded to attach to a hose for watering plants or washing cars. It is typically found outdoors in gardens, courtyards, and other places where water is needed. It usually consists of a brass or plastic valve connected to a pipe with a threaded connector on the end. It may also have a shut-off valve, allowing it to be used as an indoor faucet for filling buckets or watering plants.
22- Fixture
A fixture is a device connected to the plumbing system that uses water, such as a sink, toilet, or shower. Fixtures are also known as plumbing fixtures, and they include pipes, valves, faucets, drain traps, and other parts of the system. They are essential for delivering water to the home for cleaning or drinking, washing dishes and clothes, flushing toilets, and other household tasks.
23- Cross Connection
A connection between a potable water supply and a non-potable substance can contaminate the water supply. If a connection exists between a potable water supply and a non-potable substance, it can lead to contamination of the water supply due to the introduction of harmful substances. This contamination can occur in several ways, including through improper cross-connections, backflow from contaminated sources, or infiltration of contaminants from nearby land use activities. It is important to ensure that all connections between potable water supplies and non-potable sources are properly installed and maintained to prevent contamination.
24- Flow Rate
The flow rate is the volume of fluid that passes through a pipe or other plumbing component per unit of time. It is typically measured in gallons per minute (GPM) or cubic feet per second (CFS). The flow rate of a system can be affected by many variables, such as the diameter of the pipe, the pressure within the system, and any restrictions caused by fittings or valves.
26- Backflow
Backflow is the reverse flow of water or other substances back into the main water supply due to a pressure differential. It occurs when the pressure in the main supply is lower than the pressure in the secondary system, allowing water to flow in the wrong direction. This can result in contamination of the water supply, which is why backflow prevention measures are important in plumbing systems. Backflow can be caused by various factors, such as a broken water main, a failure in the pressure system, or a malfunctioning backflow prevention device.
27- Backflow Prevention
Backflow prevention is a Measure that is taken to prevent contaminated water from flowing back into the main water supply. Backflow prevention devices are used to prevent water from flowing backward into the main water supply. These devices work by creating a one-way valve that allows water to flow in only one direction. The most common type of backflow prevention device is the air gap, which consists of a physical barrier between the water source and where it could potentially backflow. Other types of devices include check valves, pressure vacuum breakers, and double-check valves.
28- BSP (British Standard Pipe)
BSP (British Standard Pipe) is a system of threaded fittings used in plumbing and mechanical systems, defined by a set of standardized thread sizes and pitches. BSP fittings are made of brass, bronze, stainless steel, and plastic, and can be used to connect pipes carrying air, water, steam, oil, and gas. They are commonly found in household plumbing systems as well as in industrial applications. BSP fittings provide a secure connection that is able to withstand high pressure and vibration.
29- Check Valve
A check valve is designed to allow fluid flow in only one direction, preventing backflow. It does this by using a one-way valve, which opens and closes in response to the flow of fluid, allowing it to move in one direction but blocking any backflow. Check valves are often used in plumbing and industrial systems to prevent reverse flow, maintain pressure or regulate system performance.
30- Shutoff Valve
A shutoff valve is a valve used to control the flow of water to a specific fixture or area. It is usually installed near the fixture or appliance, such as a toilet, sink, bathtub, or shower. It allows you to turn off the water supply to that fixture or appliance without having to turn off the main water supply. This can be useful in case of a plumbing emergency, a leaky faucet, or when performing maintenance on a fixture.
31- Trap-way Valve
A Trap-way valve is a component in a plumbing system that is used to prevent sewer gases and other unpleasant odors from escaping into the home. The trap-way valve is installed in the drain line between the plumbing fixtures and the sewer system. It contains a water-filled chamber that acts as a barrier between the plumbing fixtures and the sewer, preventing gases from escaping. The trap-way valve also helps to keep insects and other pests from entering the home through the drain lines. It is typically located in the base of the toilet and forms a watertight seal between the bowl and the sewer pipe. The trap-way valve prevents sewer gases from entering the home while also allowing waste to flow freely into the sewer system.
32- French Drain
A French drain is a type of drainage system used to divert water away from a specific area, such as a basement, crawl space, or low-lying property. It consists of a trench filled with gravel and a perforated pipe, which allows water to enter and be carried away from the area. The French drain is designed to prevent water from accumulating and causing damage to the surrounding area. It is also used to alleviate waterlogging and prevent water from penetrating the foundation of a building. French drains can be installed along the perimeter of a building or in a specific area where water accumulates, and are often used in conjunction with other drainage solutions, such as sump pumps and downspout extensions.
33- Sump Pump
A sump pump is a pump used to remove water that has accumulated in a sump basin, commonly found in basements or crawl spaces to prevent water damage. Sump pumps are typically installed in a basement to collect groundwater that enters through the foundation. The sump pump is then connected to a drainage system, such as a French drain, which carries the water away from the house.
34- Supply Line
A supply line is a pipe or system of pipes used to deliver water from the main supply to various points in a building or structure. The supply line is typically made from copper or PVC and runs from the main source of water to fixtures, appliances, and outlets. It usually branches off the main line at various points along the way. The purpose of a supply line is to bring water to the desired location in order to support basic needs such as cooking, drinking, cleaning, showering, and flushing toilets.
35- Trap
A trap is a U-shaped component in a plumbing system designed to retain a small amount of water, preventing sewer gases from entering the building. A trap serves as a water seal that prevents dangerous sewer gases from entering the building. It also provides an access point to clean out clogs in the drain pipes. The trap is installed beneath each plumbing fixture, such as a sink or toilet, and is typically made of PVC plastic or cast iron.
36- Vent
A vent is a pipe that allows air to circulate in the plumbing system and prevents a vacuum from forming. A vent can be used for many different purposes, but its primary function is to keep the plumbing system from becoming clogged or blocked. It also helps maintain proper water pressure and prevents dangerous gases from entering the home. Vents are usually located along the roofline and are often made of plastic or metal.
37- Vent Stack
A vent stack is a vertical pipe in a plumbing system that provides airflow and allows waste gases to escape. Vent stacks are typically installed near the roof of buildings and they connect to the plumbing system at one end and exit through the roof at the other. Vent stacks help to ensure that waste gases do not build up in a building’s pipes or other enclosed spaces. They also help maintain adequate air pressure in the plumbing system so water flows freely.
Frequently Asked Questions
1- What are the most common plumbing questions?
The most common plumbing questions involve the waste to the sewer line and the largest vertical drain line. These two components are essential for proper plumbing drainage systems. As well, many people want to know what a plumbing device is and how it affects their system. A vertical vent is used in plumbing systems to allow air to enter and exit, while a toilet is usually the only plumbing fixture that has a trap-way valve, which is measured in terms of the largest diameter. In addition, many people ask about drain lines and how they should be installed for best performance. Understanding these concepts is important for anyone who wants to properly maintain their plumbing system.
2- How do I identify plumbing problems?
Plumbing problems can be identified by assessing the plumbing drainage system. Visual inspections should be done in vertical vents, and if the toilet is the only plumbing fixture, its trap way needs to be measured in terms of how well it is working. If there are other plumbing fixtures, check whether water is flowing to them properly or not. Also, inspect the material on some plumbing fixtures like sinks or bathtubs to make sure they are working properly and that water flowing to these fixtures is optimal. In case of any blocked pipes or leaks, contact a professional plumber for thorough inspection and repair.
3- What are the best ways to prevent plumbing problems?
The best ways to prevent plumbing problems are to ensure that the plumbing drainage system is in good condition and that all its components are properly installed. The vertical vent, trap-way, and other components must be measured in terms of their size and capabilities to ensure proper water flow to a plumbing fixture. Furthermore, it is important to make sure that there is an adequate water supply line to provide a sufficient amount of water to a plumbing fixture. Lastly, if you have any doubts or notice signs of a potential problem, it is important to contact your local plumbing company for professional assistance as soon as possible. With proper maintenance and quick action when necessary, you can avoid many common plumbing issues and enjoy peace of mind knowing your system is working efficiently.
4- What are some of the important terms in plumbing?
Plumbing is a complex system and there are many important terms associated with it. The most common of these are water heater, water hammer, water line, drain line, toilet tank, water in a toilet, water from the water main vent, the pressure of water, and part of the main distribution. These terms refer to the components and systems that make up plumbing. The main distribution system is the pipe run by a clamping system that carries cold and hot water throughout a house or building. In addition, the pressure of water refers to the amount of force needed to move the liquid through a pipe so it can reach its destination. Other important terms include sewage lines, gas lines, fittings, and valves which all need to be taken into consideration when working with plumbing.
5- What are the 3 stages of plumbing ing problems?
Plumbing is an essential part of every home and there are three main stages in any plumbing system. The first stage starts with the main water line and uses plumbing fittings to connect it to the rest of the system. The second stage involves the curved section of drain lines that run by a clamping device, which helps to control pressure in the system. Finally, the third stage is the plumbing drainage system, which includes a drain line that prevents sewer gases from entering your home. This also allows water in a toilet tank to be filled when necessary. All these components work together to create a safe and efficient plumbing system for your home.
6- What is PEX vs PVC Piping?
PEX vs PVC piping is a comparison of two types of plumbing systems used for residential and commercial applications. PEX stands for cross-linked polyethylene, while PVC stands for polyvinyl chloride. PEX is a better option than PVC in terms of pressure in a plumbing system because it can handle high-temperature water and withstand the downward pressure of water more effectively. It is also easier to install and has fewer connections than PVC. PVC is usually used for cold water lines and main vent stacks, whereas PEX can be used for plumbing or electrical needs due to its flexibility. Additionally, it can be connected directly to the drain line for easy access, so you don’t need to run from plumbing fixtures to the drain. Both options are good choices when it comes to the type of plumbing, but PEX offers more advantages compared to PVC in terms of durability and ease of installation.
7- Why is PEX Piping not allowed?
PEX Piping is not allowed for a variety of reasons due to its susceptibility to the downward pressure of water. This can cause it to rupture and become compromised, leading to water damage and other issues. Additionally, it does not provide access to the drain line, which makes it difficult for professionals to work on the line if an issue arises. Because PEX Piping is a plastic line that carries water, any break or contamination can impact the entire system of pipes in a home or office that are connected to one another and branch off from where this line connects. Without proper access to the waste line that runs down and out of a toilet, sink, or shower, there is no way to ensure the safe passage of waste materials down into the sewer line. Furthermore, PEX Piping can be used as a supply line into a gravity-operated toilet but since it cannot handle higher pressures associated with refill valves and flushing mechanisms, it must be paired with other types of pipelines. For these reasons, PEX piping is not allowed in many places.
8- What is HDPE pipe used for?
HDPE pipe is a type of plastic piping that is widely used for many different plumbing needs. It is a durable and reliable material, so it can be used in a variety of applications from residential to industrial and commercial. HDPE pipes are commonly used in the line to which all branch lines connect, such as taking wastewater to the sewer line or supplying water from the water company’s main line. It can also be used as a metal or plastic line for larger vertical drain lines, such as those found in plumbing service areas. HDPE pipes have become one of the most popular items on the list of plumbing terms in recent years due to their increased strength and lifespan when compared with traditional piping materials like copper or steel.
9- Is PVC better than DPPE Piping?
When it comes to deciding between PVC and DPPE piping, there are several factors to consider. PVC is a great choice for waste management because it is lightweight and easy to install, making it the preferred choice for vertical drain lines. It also provides easy access to work on plumbing or electrical systems, making repairs or maintenance easier than with other types of piping. On the other hand, DPPE offers more durability and resistance to corrosion due to its heavier material construction. This makes it a better option for larger plumbing applications such as main water lines, sewage pipes, and stormwater systems. Additionally, DPPE can handle more pressure than PVC which makes it better suited for commercial applications where higher water pressures are in use. Finally, DPPE is a better choice when using plumbing snakes or other devices that run through the pipe since it offers less friction than PVC and allows smoother flows through a plumbing system.
10- What types of maintenance do I need to do to keep my plumbing system in good working order?
To keep your plumbing system in good working order, regular maintenance is necessary. This includes making sure all the components of the drainage system are clear and functional, such as pipes and vertical vents. It is also important to check the line connecting the cold water line directly from the main water supply to ensure it is not blocked or damaged. Furthermore, you should be aware of any blockages or leaks in either the incoming cold water line or the outgoing hot water line. With regular service from MyDearWatson Plumbing Heating and Cooling you can ensure that your plumbing system will remain in good working order for years to come.
